Explain what You know about endocrine functions of Kidneys.

Posted: July 14th, 2022

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Parts  1 and 2 have the same questions, however, you must answer with references and different writing always addressing them objectively, that is as if you were different students. Similar responses in wording or references will not be accepted.
Parts  4 and 5  have the same questions, however, you must answer with references and different writing always addressing them objectively, that is as if you were different students. Similar responses in wording or references will not be accepted.
APA format
1) Minimum 12 pages  (No word count per page)- Follow the 3 x 3 rule: minimum of three paragraphs per page
You must strictly comply with the number of paragraphs requested per page
.
           Part 1: minimum  2 pages
           Part 2: minimum  2 pages
           Part 3: minimum  3 pages (Due 48 hours)
           Part 2: minimum  2 pages and one paragraph
           Part 3: minimum  2 pages and one paragraph
           
Submit 1 document per part
2)¨******APA norms
         All paragraphs must be narrative and cited in the text- each paragraph
         Bulleted responses are not accepted
         Don’t write in the first person 
         Don’t copy and paste the questions.
         Answer the question objectively, do not make introductions to your answers, answer it when you start the paragraph
Submit 1 document per part
3)****************************** It will be verified by Turnitin (Identify the percentage of exact match of writing with any other resource on the internet and academic sources, including universities and data banks) 
********************************It will be verified by SafeAssign (Identify the percentage of similarity of writing with any other resource on the internet and academic sources, including universities and data banks)
4) Minimum 3 references (APA format) per part not older than 5 years  (Journals, books) (No websites)
 Part 3:  Minimum 4 references (APA format) per part not older than 5 years  (Journals, books) (No websites) 
All references must be consistent with the topic-purpose-focus of the parts. Different references are not allowed.
5) Identify your answer with the numbers, according to the question. Start your answer on the same line, not the next
Example:
Q 1. Nursing is XXXXX
Q 2. Health is XXXX
6) You must name the files according to the part you are answering: 
Example:
Part 1.doc 
Part 2.doc
__________________________________________________________________________________
 
Parts  1 and 2  have the same questions, however, you must answer with references and different writing always addressing them objectively, that is as if you were different students. Similar responses in wording or references will not be accepted.
Part 1: Pathophysiology
Answer in paragraph format each of the questions that are indicated. That is, you must objectively answer each of the questions in the order indicated.
Cardiovascular diseases are…….Coronary artery disease (CAD) is…….. Cardiac arrhythmia is ……
  One paragraph
1. Explain what You know about endocrine functions of Kidneys.
2. What is a Nephron?
3. Which is the importance of Juxtaglomerular cells and macula densa?
4. What is RAAS and 
a. Explain how this system regulates Blood pressure and Blood flow to the kidneys?
  One paragraph
5. Explain the Renal functions from the Nephron point of view.
6. Talk about Upper Urinary Tract Obstructions.
7. Kidney Stones: what is it? 
a. Types and formation of it.
  One paragraph
8. Causes for Lower Urinary Tract Obstruction
a. Symptoms.
9. Overactive vs Underactive Bladder.
10. Most frequent Renal Tumor 
a. Clinical symptoms.
  One paragraph
11. What is UTI 
a. explain retrograde infection mechanism?
12. Most frequent Uropathogens, which is number 1? 
a. Explain virulence.
13. Clinical manifestations of Cystitis vs Pyelonephritis.
  One paragraph
14. Explain acute Glomerulonephritis Pathophysiology 
a. Clinical manifestations.
15. Nephrotic Syndrome: and Clinical manifestations.
16. Nephritic Syndrome Pathophysiology
17. Nephrotic vs Nephritic 
  One paragraph
18. What is Renal Insufficiency?
19. Uremia vs Azotemia
20. Explain Acute Kidney Injury: 
a. Prerenal
b. Renal 
c. Postrenal
21. What is CKD? 
a. Stages of CKD based on GFR.
Part 2: Pathophysiology
Answer in paragraph format each of the questions that are indicated. That is, you must objectively answer each of the questions in the order indicated.
Cardiovascular diseases are…….Coronary artery disease (CAD) is…….. Cardiac arrhythmia is ……
  One paragraph
1. Explain what You know about endocrine functions of Kidneys.
2. What is a Nephron?
3. Which is the importance of Juxtaglomerular cells and macula densa?
4. What is RAAS and 
a. Explain how this system regulates Blood pressure and Blood flow to the kidneys?
  One paragraph
5. Explain the Renal functions from the Nephron point of view.
6. Talk about Upper Urinary Tract Obstructions.
7. Kidney Stones: what is it? 
a. Types and formation of it.
  One paragraph
8. Causes for Lower Urinary Tract Obstruction
a. Symptoms.
9. Overactive vs Underactive Bladder.
10. Most frequent Renal Tumor 
a. Clinical symptoms.
  One paragraph
11. What is UTI 
a. explain retrograde infection mechanism?
12. Most frequent Uropathogens, which is number 1? 
a. Explain virulence.
13. Clinical manifestations of Cystitis vs Pyelonephritis.
  One paragraph
14. Explain acute Glomerulonephritis Pathophysiology 
a. Clinical manifestations.
15. Nephrotic Syndrome: and Clinical manifestations.
16. Nephritic Syndrome Pathophysiology
17. Nephrotic vs Nephritic 
  One paragraph
18. What is Renal Insufficiency?
19. Uremia vs Azotemia
20. Explain Acute Kidney Injury: 
a. Prerenal
b. Renal 
c. Postrenal
21. What is CKD? 
a. Stages of CKD based on GFR.
 Part 3: Health Promotion
You must strictly comply with the number of paragraphs requested per item. More or fewer paragraphs are not allowed
Health Problem: Smoking prevention in adolescents
Population: Adolescents in school
SMART goal:  Adolescents will improve their knowledge about the health and physical development problems due to smoking during adolescence from their participation for three months in an educational focus group 
Purpose: Educate the adolescents about the impact on physical development and the health consequences of smoking during adolescence
Propose a health promotion program following MAP-IT in the project (Check “MAP-IT stands” File)
1. Introduce the problem with a concise overview of its health impact. (1 paragraph)
2. Justify and describe the need for the strategy (1paragraph).
3. Describe each aspect of the strategy. 
a. (M) Mobilize (1 paragraph)
i. What would be your objective and mission? 
ii. How would you include stakeholders? 
iii. What would be their roles? 
b. (A)  Assess (2 paragraphs)
i. How are you planning to assess the problem? 
ii. What are your short-term and long-term goals? 
c. (P) Plan the steps to organize and implement the strategy. (2 paragraph).
d. (T)  Track.  (1 paragraph).
i. Describe the evaluation process to measure
ii. Describe the track of your progress; include:
          A. Statistic evaluation  
          B. collaboration with statistician as required.
4. Conclude the idea justifying the development of this particular promotional strategy. (1 paragraph).
Parts  4 and 5  have the same questions, however, you must answer with references and different writing always addressing them objectively, that is as if you were different students. Similar responses in wording or references will not be accepted.
 Part 4: Advanced pharmacology
 
M.W. is a 69-year-old African American man and was referred to clinic for evaluation of increasing shortness of breath.
Past medical history 
Chronic renal insufficiency
Hypertension
Congestive heart failure
Diabetes mellitus type 2, poor control
Deep vein thrombosis
Alcohol abuse
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with respiratory failure
Family history
Noncontributory
Physical examination
Height 69 inches, weight 205 lb
Blood pressure: 138/88
Pulse 86 beats/min, regular
Lungs clear, neck supple negative for jugular venous distention
Lower extremities +1 edema
Laboratory findings
Scr = 2.8 K+ = 5.1
BUN = 56
Na+ = 147
WBC = 5.0
Hb = 8.2
Hct = 24.6
Serum ferritin 189 mg/dL
Social history
Tobacco: 52 pack-years
Alcohol: distant past
Diagnosis: Anemia Of Ckd: Answer the following questions in full sentences using APA citations. 
1. List specific goals of treatment for M.W. (One paragraph)
2. What drug therapy would you prescribed? Why? (One paragraph)
3. What are the parameters for monitoring success of therapy? (One paragraph)
4. Discuss specific patient education based on the prescribed therapy. (One paragraph)
5. Describe two adverse reactions for the selected agent that would cause you to change therapy. (One paragraph)
6. Describe over-the-counter and/or alternative medications would be appropriate for M.W. (One paragraph)
7. What dietary and lifestyle changes would you recommended for M.W.? (One paragraph)
 Part 5: Advanced pharmacology
M.W. is a 69-year-old African American man and was referred to clinic for evaluation of increasing shortness of breath.
Past medical history 
Chronic renal insufficiency
Hypertension
Congestive heart failure
Diabetes mellitus type 2, poor control
Deep vein thrombosis
Alcohol abuse
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with respiratory failure
Family history
Noncontributory
Physical examination
Height 69 inches, weight 205 lb
Blood pressure: 138/88
Pulse 86 beats/min, regular
Lungs clear, neck supple negative for jugular venous distention
Lower extremities +1 edema
Laboratory findings
Scr = 2.8 K+ = 5.1
BUN = 56
Na+ = 147
WBC = 5.0
Hb = 8.2
Hct = 24.6
Serum ferritin 189 mg/dL
Social history
Tobacco: 52 pack-years
Alcohol: distant past
Diagnosis: Anemia Of Ckd: Answer the following questions in full sentences using APA citations. 
1. List specific goals of treatment for M.W. (One paragraph)
2. What drug therapy would you prescribed? Why? (One paragraph)
3. What are the parameters for monitoring success of therapy? (One paragraph)
4. Discuss specific patient education based on the prescribed therapy. (One paragraph)
5. Describe two adverse reactions for the selected agent that would cause you to change therapy. (One paragraph)
6. Describe over-the-counter and/or alternative medications would be appropriate for M.W. (One paragraph)
7. What dietary and lifestyle changes would you recommended for M.W.? (One paragraph)

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